zooOOP

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

// Base class for animals:
class Animal {
protected:
    std::string name;
    int age;

public:
    Animal(std::string n, int a) : name(n), age(a) {}
    
    virtual void makeSound() const {
        std::cout << "Animal sound" << std::endl;
    }
    
    void showInfo() const {
        std::cout << "Name: " << name << ", Age: " << age;
    }
};

// Derived classes for specific types of animals:

class Lion : public Animal {
public:
    Lion(std::string n, int a) : Animal(n, a) {}
    
    void makeSound() const override {
        std::cout << "Roar!";
    }
};

class Elephant : public Animal {
public:
    Elephant(std::string n, int a) : Animal(n, a) {}
    
    void makeSound() const override {
        std::cout << "Trumpet!";
    }
};

class Penguin : public Animal {
public:
    Penguin(std::string n, int a) : Animal(n, a) {}
    
    void makeSound() const override {
        std::cout << "Squeak!";
    }
};

// Zoo class to manage animals:

class Zoo {
private:
    static const int MAX_ANIMALS = 100;
    std::vector<Animal*> animals;
    
public:
    Zoo() {
        animals.reserve(MAX_ANIMALS); // reserve space for efficiency
    }

    void addAnimal(Animal* animal) {
        if (animals.size() < MAX_ANIMALS) {
            animals.push_back(animal);
        } else {
            std::cout << "Zoo is full!" << std::endl;
        }
    }

    void showAllAnimals() const {
        for (const auto& animal : animals) {
            animal->showInfo();
            std::cout << " - ";
            animal->makeSound();
            std::cout << std::endl;
        }
    }
};

// Testing the code:

int main() {
    Zoo zoo;
    
    Lion lion("Leo", 5);
    Elephant elephant("Dumbo", 10);
    Penguin penguin("Penny", 2);
    
    zoo.addAnimal(&lion);
    zoo.addAnimal(&elephant);
    zoo.addAnimal(&penguin);
    
    zoo.showAllAnimals();
    
    return 0;
}