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Here are some simple remediations for instances that are configured to use the default service account:

1. Assign a Custom Service Account: Create and assign a custom service account with the minimum necessary permissions instead of using the default service account.


2. Restrict Permissions: Limit the permissions of the default service account to only those necessary for its functionality. Avoid granting broad permissions such as Editor or Owner roles.


3. Use IAM Roles and Policies: Assign the appropriate IAM roles to the custom service account, following the principle of least privilege.


4. Disable Default Service Account Access: If not needed, disable the default service account access for the instance by unchecking the "Allow default service account to access" option in the instance configuration.


5. Monitor and Audit: Regularly audit the roles and permissions associated with the service account to ensure it doesn’t have excessive access or unneeded privileges.


6. Use Instance-Level Service Accounts: If multiple service accounts are required, create specific service accounts for individual instances or workloads and assign them accordingly.



These actions will help reduce the attack surface by limiting unnecessary permissions and ensuring more controlled access to resources.