Untitled

1) Write a program in prolog for map coloring problem.
Code:-
% Define adjacent regions
adjacent(a, b).
adjacent(b, c).
adjacent(c, a).

% Define possible colors
color(red).
color(blue).
color(green).

% Assign colors to regions
map_coloring(a-Region1Color, b-Region2Color, c-Region3Color) :-
    color(Region1Color),
    color(Region2Color),
    color(Region3Color),
    adjacent(a, b),
    adjacent(b, c),
    adjacent(c, a),
    Region1Color \= Region2Color,
    Region2Color \= Region3Color,
    Region3Color \= Region1Color.

% Query to color the map
color_map(Colors) :-
    map_coloring(a, b, c),
    Colors = [a-Region1Color, b-Region2Color, c-Region3Color].


Output:-
Query:-
To find a valid cloring for the regions a, b and c use:-
?- color_map(Colors).

O/P:-
Colors=[a-red, b-blue, c-red].
This indicates that regions a is colored red, region b is blue and region c is red, satisfying the condition that no two adjacent regions have the same color.

2) Write a program in prolog for tower of hanoi problem.
Code:-
% Move N disks from Source to Destination using Auxiliary rod
hanoi(0, _, _, _) :- !.
hanoi(N, Source, Destination, Auxiliary) :-
    N > 0,
    M is N - 1,
    hanoi(M, Source, Auxiliary, Destination),
    write('Move disk '), write(N), write(' from '), write(Source), write(' to '), write(Destination), nl,
    hanoi(M, Auxiliary, Destination, Source).

% Example query
solve_hanoi(N) :-
    hanoi(N, source, destination, auxiliary).

Output:-
?- solve_hanoi(3).
Move disk 1 from source to destination
Move disk 2 from source to auxiliary
Move disk 1 from destination to auxiliary
Move disk 3 from source to destination
Move disk 1 from auxiliary to source
Move disk 2 from auxiliary to destination
Move disk 1 from source to destination

3) Write a program in prolog for designing basic calculator for performing addition, substraction, multiplication and division.
Code:-
% Addition
calculate(add, X, Y, Result) :-
    Result is X + Y.

% Subtraction
calculate(subtract, X, Y, Result) :-
    Result is X - Y.

% Multiplication
calculate(multiply, X, Y, Result) :-
    Result is X * Y.

% Division
calculate(divide, X, Y, Result) :-
    Y \= 0,          % Ensure divisor is not zero
    Result is X / Y.

% Handle division by zero
calculate(divide, _, 0, 'Error: Division by zero') :-
    !.

Output:-
?- calculate(add, 5, 3, Result).
Result = 8.
?- calculate(subtract, 5, 3, Result).
Result = 2.
?- calculate(multiply, 5, 3, Result).
Result = 15.
?- calculate(divide, 6, 3, Result).
Result = 2.0.
?- calculate(divide, 6, 0, Result).
Result = 'Error: Division by zero'.

4) Write a program in prolog for odd and even numbers.
Code:-
% Check if a number is even
is_even(Number) :-
    Number mod 2 =:= 0.

% Check if a number is odd
is_odd(Number) :-
    Number mod 2 =:= 1.

Output:-
?- is_even(4).
true.
?- is_even(5).
false.
?- is_odd(5).
true.
?- is_odd(4).
false.

5) Write a program in prolog to check whether the entered number is prime number or not.
Code:-
% Check if a number is prime
is_prime(2) :- !.
is_prime(N) :-
    N > 2,
    N mod 2 =\= 0,
    \+ has_factor(N, 3).

% Check if N has a factor other than 1 and itself
has_factor(N, F) :-
    N mod F =:= 0.
has_factor(N, F) :-
    F * F < N,
    NextF is F + 2,
    has_factor(N, NextF).

Output:-
?- is_prime(7).
true

?- is_prime(9).
false.

?- is_prime(4).
false.

Q6) Write a program to determine if two people are siblings.
Code:-
% Define sibling relationships
sibling(john, mary).
sibling(mary, john).
sibling(susan, alice).
sibling(alice, susan).

% Check if two people are siblings
are_siblings(X, Y) :-
    sibling(X, Y).

Output:-
?- are_siblings(john, mary).
true.

?- are_siblings(john, susan).
false.

Q7) Write a program in prolog to compute the length of a list.
Code:-
% Compute the length of a list
list_length([], 0).
list_length([_|Tail], Length) :-
    list_length(Tail, TailLength),
    Length is TailLength + 1.

Output:-
?- list_length([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], Length).
Length = 5.

?- list_length([a, b, c], Length).
Length = 3.

Q8) Write a program in prolog to find minimum element in a list.
Code:-
% Rule
min_list([X], X).
min_list([H|T],Min):-min_list(T, MinT), Min is min(H, MinT).

Output:-
min_list([5,3,4,6,7], Min).

Min=3

Q9) Write a program in prolog to find square of a number.
Code:-
% Rule to calculate the square of a number
square(Number, Square):- Square is Number * Number.

Output:-
?- square(5, Result).
Result=25.

Q10) Write a program in prolog to find cube of a number.
Code:-
% Rule to calculate the cube of a number
cube(Number, Cube):- Cube is Number * Number * Number.

Output:-
?- cube(3, Result).
Result=27.

Q11) Write a program in prolog to find maximum from three numbers.
Code:-
% Rule to find maximum from three numbers

max_of_three(A, B, C, Max):- Max is max(A, max(B, C)).

OUTPUT:-
?- max_of_three(4, 9, 7, Max).
Max=9.

Q12) Write a program in prolog to find minimum from three numbers.
Code:-
% Rule to find minimum from three numbers
min_of_three(A, B, C, Min):- Min is min(A, min(B, C)).

OUTPUT:-
?- min_of_three(4, 9, 7, Min).
Min=4.

Q13) Write a program in prolog to concatenate two strings together.
 Note:- in order to concatenate two strings in prolog we use built in predicate atom_concat/3.

Code:-
% Rule to concatenate two atoms(strings)
concat_atoms(Atom1, Atom2, Result):- atom_concat(Atom1, Atom2, Result).

Output:-
?- concat_atoms('Hello', 'World', Result).
Result= 'HelloWorld'.

Q14) Write a program in prolog for simple facts about pets.
Code:-
% Facts about pets
dog(bella).
dog(max).
cat(whiskers).
cat(socks).

% Rule to determine if  an animal is a dog
is_dog(Animal):- dog(Animal).

% Rule to determine if  an animal is a cat
is_cat(Animal):- cat(Animal).

Output:-
Query:-
1) Is whiskers a cat?
?- is_cat(whiskers).
true.

2) List all dogs.
?- is_dog(Dog).
 
Dog=bella.
Dog= max.

Q15) Write a program in prolog for simple person age facts.
Code:-
% Facts about ages
age(john, 25).
age(mary, 30).
age(alice, 22).

% Rule to find age of a person
person_age(Person, Age):- age(Person, Age).

Output:-
query1:- What is the alice age?
?- person_age(alice, Age).
Age=22.

query2:-List all people and their ages.
?- person_age(Person, Age).
Person=john, Age=25;
Person=mary, Age=30;
Person=alice, Age=22.