Stack Example

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

template <typename T>
class Stack {
private:
    std::vector<T> elements;

public:
    // Push element onto the stack
    void push(const T& element) {
        elements.push_back(element);
    }

    // Pop element from the stack
    void pop() {
        if (!elements.empty()) {
            elements.pop_back();
        } else {
            std::cerr << "Stack is empty. Cannot pop." << std::endl;
        }
    }

    // Get the top element of the stack
    T& top() {
        if (!elements.empty()) {
            return elements.back();
        } else {
            std::cerr << "Stack is empty." << std::endl;
            // Returning a reference to the first element
            // This is not a safe operation, but done here for demonstration purposes
            return elements.front();
        }
    }

    // Check if the stack is empty
    bool empty() const {
        return elements.empty();
    }

    // Get the size of the stack
    size_t size() const {
        return elements.size();
    }
};