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# Flashcards for Anglo-Saxon and Norman England and Superpower Relations and the Cold War

anglo_norman_flashcards = [
    {"question": "Who was Edward the Confessor?", "answer": "Anglo-Saxon king who died in 1066 without an heir."},
    {"question": "What was the Witan?", "answer": "A council of nobles and clergy that advised the king."},
    {"question": "What were the three claimants to the throne in 1066?", "answer": "Harold Godwinson, William of Normandy, Harald Hardrada."},
    {"question": "What was the significance of the Battle of Stamford Bridge?", "answer": "Harold defeated Hardrada, but weakened his army before Hastings."},
    {"question": "When did the Battle of Hastings take place?", "answer": "14th October 1066."},
    {"question": "What tactic did William use to win at Hastings?", "answer": "Feigned retreat to break the shield wall."},
    {"question": "What was a motte-and-bailey castle?", "answer": "A wooden fort on a mound (motte) with a courtyard (bailey)."},
    {"question": "What was the Harrying of the North?", "answer": "William’s brutal campaign (1069-70) to crush northern resistance."},
    {"question": "Who was Earl Godwin?", "answer": "Powerful noble and father of Harold Godwinson."},
    {"question": "How did William control the land in England?", "answer": "By granting land to loyal barons through the feudal system."},
    {"question": "What was the feudal system?", "answer": "A hierarchy where land was exchanged for loyalty and service."},
    {"question": "What was a marcher earldom?", "answer": "Earldom on the Welsh border with special privileges to keep control."},
    {"question": "How did the Church change under the Normans?", "answer": "More control by the king, replaced Anglo-Saxon clergy with Normans."},
    {"question": "What was the Domesday Book?", "answer": "William’s 1086 survey of land, people, and resources."},
    {"question": "What role did Lanfranc play in Norman England?", "answer": "Archbishop who reformed and strengthened Norman control of the Church."},
    {"question": "What caused the Revolt of the Earls in 1075?", "answer": "Anglo-Norman nobles resented William’s rule and loss of power."},
    {"question": "How did the Normans deal with Anglo-Saxon rebels?", "answer": "Brutal suppression, land confiscation, and castle-building."},
    {"question": "What was the importance of the Battle of Fulford?", "answer": "It allowed Hardrada to occupy York before being defeated at Stamford Bridge."},
    {"question": "What happened at the Submission of the Earls?", "answer": "After Hastings, English nobles submitted to William at Berkhamsted."},
    {"question": "Why were castles important to Norman control?", "answer": "They acted as military bases, symbols of power, and centres of control."},
]

cold_war_flashcards = [
    {"question": "What were the Grand Alliance conferences?", "answer": "Meetings between USA, USSR, and UK during WWII to plan post-war world."},
    {"question": "What happened at the Yalta Conference?", "answer": "Leaders agreed to divide Germany and hold free elections in Eastern Europe."},
    {"question": "What were the key outcomes of the Potsdam Conference?", "answer": "Germany split, tensions increased, atomic bomb revealed."},
    {"question": "What was the Truman Doctrine?", "answer": "US policy to contain communism and support free nations."},
    {"question": "What was the Marshall Plan?", "answer": "US aid to rebuild Europe to stop the spread of communism."},
    {"question": "What was the Berlin Blockade and how did it end?", "answer": "Soviet attempt to cut off West Berlin; ended by Berlin Airlift."},
    {"question": "When was NATO formed?", "answer": "1949."},
    {"question": "What was the Warsaw Pact?", "answer": "1955 Soviet military alliance of communist countries."},
    {"question": "What triggered the Hungarian Uprising in 1956?", "answer": "Discontent with Soviet control and economic hardship."},
    {"question": "What was the outcome of the Hungarian Uprising?", "answer": "Crushed by Soviet tanks; West did not intervene."},
    {"question": "What was the U2 Crisis?", "answer": "1960: US spy plane shot down over USSR, increased tensions."},
    {"question": "What were the causes of the Berlin Wall?", "answer": "Mass emigration from East to West Germany; East Germany losing population."},
    {"question": "What happened during the Cuban Missile Crisis?", "answer": "13-day standoff in 1962 over Soviet missiles in Cuba; ended peacefully."},
    {"question": "What was détente?", "answer": "A period of relaxed tensions between USA and USSR (1970s)."},
    {"question": "What were the SALT agreements?", "answer": "Strategic Arms Limitation Talks to reduce nuclear weapons."},
    {"question": "Who was Gorbachev and what reforms did he introduce?", "answer": "Soviet leader; introduced Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (reform)."},
    {"question": "What was the significance of Solidarity in Poland?", "answer": "Trade union that challenged communist rule and inspired others."},
    {"question": "What led to the collapse of the USSR in 1991?", "answer": "Economic crisis, nationalist movements, and Gorbachev's reforms."},
    {"question": "What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?", "answer": "USSR policy to use force to maintain communist control."},
    {"question": "What was the significance of Reagan’s 'evil empire' speech?", "answer": "Reinforced Cold War tensions and US anti-communist stance."},
]

# Merge both into one list for the PDF
combined_flashcards = anglo_norman_flashcards + cold_war_flashcards

# Clean and export to PDF
for card in combined_flashcards:
    card['question'] = clean_text_advanced(card['question'])
    card['answer'] = clean_text_advanced(card['answer'])

pdf = FPDF()
pdf.set_auto_page_break(auto=True, margin=15)
pdf.add_page()
pdf.set_font("Arial", size=12)
pdf.cell(200, 10, txt="GCSE History Flashcards - Anglo-Normans & Cold War", ln=True, align="C")
pdf.ln(10)

for i, card in enumerate(combined_flashcards, 1):
    pdf.set_font("Arial", style='B', size=12)
    pdf.multi_cell(0, 10, f"{i}. Q: {card['question']}")
    pdf.set_font("Arial", style='', size=12)
    pdf.multi_cell(0, 10, f"A: {card['answer']}")
    pdf.ln(3)

# Save PDF
combined_path = "/mnt/data/GCSE_History_Flashcards_AngloNormans_ColdWar.pdf"
pdf.output(combined_path)
combined_path