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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>

void merge(int arr[], int l, int m, int r) {
    int i, j, k;
    int n1 = m - l + 1;
    int n2 = r - m;
    
    int L[n1], R[n2];

    for (i = 0; i < n1; i++)
        L[i] = arr[l + i];
    for (j = 0; j < n2; j++)
        R[j] = arr[m + 1 + j];

    i = 0;
    j = 0;
    k = l;
    while (i < n1 && j < n2) {
        if (L[i] <= R[j]) {
            arr[k] = L[i];
            i++;
        } else {
            arr[k] = R[j];
            j++;
        }
        k++;
    }

    while (i < n1) {
        arr[k] = L[i];
        i++;
        k++;
    }

    while (j < n2) {
        arr[k] = R[j];
        j++;
        k++;
    }
}

void mergeSortIterative(int arr[], int n) {
    int curr_size, left_start;
    for (curr_size = 1; curr_size <= n - 1; curr_size = 2 * curr_size) {
        for (left_start = 0; left_start < n - 1; left_start += 2 * curr_size) {
            int mid = left_start + curr_size - 1;
            int right_end = left_start + 2 * curr_size - 1 < n - 1 ? left_start + 2 * curr_size - 1 : n - 1;
            merge(arr, left_start, mid, right_end);
        }
    }
}

void mergeSortRecursive(int arr[], int l, int r) {
    if (l < r) {
        int m = l + (r - l) / 2;
        mergeSortRecursive(arr, l, m);
        mergeSortRecursive(arr, m + 1, r);
        merge(arr, l, m, r);
    }
}

void printArray(int A[], int size) {
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
        printf("%d ", A[i]);
    printf("\n");
}

int main() {
    int n;
    printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
    scanf("%d", &n);
    int arr[n];

    printf("Enter %d elements:\n", n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        scanf("%d", &arr[i]);

    printf("\nOriginal array: ");
    printArray(arr, n);

    // Time measurement for iterative merge sort
    clock_t start_iterative = clock();
    mergeSortIterative(arr, n);
    clock_t end_iterative = clock();
    double time_iterative = ((double)(end_iterative - start_iterative)) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;

    printf("\nArray after iterative merge sort: ");
    printArray(arr, n);
    printf("Time taken for iterative merge sort: %f seconds\n", time_iterative);

    // Time measurement for recursive merge sort
    clock_t start_recursive = clock();
    mergeSortRecursive(arr, 0, n - 1);
    clock_t end_recursive = clock();
    double time_recursive = ((double)(end_recursive - start_recursive)) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;

    printf("\nArray after recursive merge sort: ");
    printArray(arr, n);
    printf("Time taken for recursive merge sort: %f seconds\n", time_recursive);

    return 0;
}