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When dealing with recursive structures in GraphQL (e.g., a tree or a graph), where you don't know the depth of recursion beforehand, you have a few strategies to handle this:

### 1. **Use GraphQL Fragments with Inline Fragments**
   - Define a fragment that recursively references itself. However, since GraphQL doesn't allow truly recursive fragments, you can use inline fragments to specify different levels of the structure manually. 

   **Example:**
   ```graphql
   fragment RecursiveFragment on NodeType {
     id
     name
     children {
       id
       name
       children {
         id
         name
         children {
           id
           name
           # Continue as deep as you think necessary
         }
       }
     }
   }

   query {
     node(id: "root") {
       ...RecursiveFragment
     }
   }
   ```

   This approach requires you to manually specify the depth of recursion, so it’s best suited when you have an upper limit on how deep the nesting might go.

### 2. **Client-Side Recursion (Multiple Queries)**
   - If the structure is too deep or unpredictable, consider fetching data iteratively using multiple queries. You can first fetch the top level, then fetch deeper levels based on the data you get back.

   **Example in Pseudocode:**
   ```js
   function fetchRecursively(nodeId) {
     const query = `
       query {
         node(id: "${nodeId}") {
           id
           name
           children {
             id
             name
           }
         }
       }
     `;
     
     const result = await graphqlClient.query({ query });

     result.data.node.children.forEach(child => {
       fetchRecursively(child.id); // Recursively fetch children
     });

     return result.data;
   }

   const data = fetchRecursively("root");
   ```

   This approach is more flexible but requires multiple round trips to the server.

### 3. **Use Arguments to Control Depth**
   - If your GraphQL API supports it, you can pass an argument to control the depth of the query.

   **Example:**
   ```graphql
   query getNode($depth: Int!) {
     node(id: "root", depth: $depth) {
       id
       name
       children(depth: $depth) {
         id
         name
         children(depth: $depth) {
           id
           name
           # Continue as deep as the depth allows
         }
       }
     }
   }
   ```

   This approach requires backend support where the resolver would use the `depth` argument to control the level of recursion.

### 4. **Paginate Through the Levels**
   - If the tree structure is wide as well as deep, consider paginating through the levels. This way, you can fetch one level at a time.

   **Example:**
   ```graphql
   query {
     node(id: "root") {
       id
       name
       children(first: 10) {
         edges {
           node {
             id
             name
           }
         }
       }
     }
   }
   ```

   You can then request additional levels in subsequent queries.

### 5. **Custom Resolvers or Server-Side Pagination**
   - Modify your server to handle deep recursion more intelligently, potentially using a custom resolver that can manage recursion and depth constraints more dynamically.

### Conclusion:
- **For small, predictable depths**: Use inline fragments.
- **For unpredictable or deep structures**: Use client-side recursion, depth-limited queries, or server-side pagination.
- **If your API allows it**: Use a `depth` argument to control recursion.

These approaches help manage and mitigate the complexities of recursive GraphQL queries.