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Learn Python

basics
    controlflow
        condition
            if_else_statement.py
# Simple if statement
def simple_if_statement():
    biscuits = 17
    if biscuits >= 5:
        print("It's time for tea!")


# Simple if-else statement
def simple_if_else_statement():
    today = "work"
    if today == "holiday":
        print("Lucky you!")
    else:
        print("Keep your chin up, then.")


# Ternary operator
def ternary_operator():
    sun = True
    print("It’s a day now!" if sun else "It’s a night for sure!")


# Nested if-else
def nested_if_else():
    x = 123
    if x < 100:
        print('x < 100')
    else:
        if x == 100:
            print('x = 100')
        else:
            print('x > 100')
        print('This will be printed only because x >= 100')


def elif_statement():
    light = "red"  # there can be any other color
    if light == "green":
        print("You can go!")
    elif light == "yellow":
        print("Get ready!")
    elif light == "red":
        print("Just wait.")
    else:
        print("No such traffic light color, do whatever you want")


#############################################################################

ternary_operator()

        function
            global_local_scopes.py
phrase = "Let it be"


def global_printer():
    print(phrase)  # we can use phrase because it's a global variable


global_printer()  # Let it be is printed
print(phrase)  # we can also print it directly

phrase = "Hey Jude"

global_printer()  # Hey Jude is now printed because we changed the value of phrase


def printer():
    local_phrase = "Yesterday"
    print(local_phrase)  # local_phrase is a local variable


printer()  # Yesterday is printed as expected

# print(local_phrase)  # NameError is raised

###################################################

x = "global"


def outer():
    x = "outer local"

    def inner():
        x = "inner local"

        def func():
            x = "func local"
            print(x)

        func()

    inner()
    print(x)


outer()  # "func local"

###################################################

# Khong the thay doi gia tri cua mot bien toan cuc o ben trong mot function ma khong dung tu khoa global
x = 1


def print_global():
    print(x)


print_global()  # 1


# def modify_global():
#     print(x)
#     x = x + 1
#
#
# modify_global()  # UnboundLocalError: local variable 'x' referenced before assignment


def global_func():
    global x
    print(x)
    x = x + 1


global_func()  # 1
global_func()  # 2
global_func()  # 3

###################################################

        iteration
            for_loop.py
# In Python, the process of repetitive execution of the same block of code is called an iteration.
# There are two types of iteration:
# Definite iteration, where the number of repetitions is stated in advance.
# Indefinite iteration, where a code block executes as long as the condition stated in advance is true.


def for_loop_syntax():
    oceans = ['Atlantic', 'Pacific', 'Indian', 'Southern', 'Arctic']
    for ocean in oceans:
        print(ocean)

    for char in 'magic':
        print(char)


def range_function():
    for i in range(5):
        print(i)

    for i in range(5, 45, 10):
        print(i)

    for _ in range(10):
        print("Hello")

    my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    for i in range(len(my_list)):
        if my_list[i] % 2 != 0:
            my_list[i] *= 2
    for i in my_list:
        print(i)


def nested_loop():
    names = ['Rose', 'Daniel']
    surnames = ['Miller', 'Smith']
    for name in names:
        for surname in surnames:
            print(name, surname)


##########################
range_function()

            loop_control.py
def break_example():
    pets = ['dog', 'cat', 'parrot']
    for pet in pets:
        print(pet)
        if pet == 'cat':
            break

    count = 0
    while True:
        print("I am Infinite Loop")
        count += 1
        if count == 13:
            break


def continue_example():
    pets = ['dog', 'cat', 'parrot']
    for pet in pets:
        if pet == 'dog':
            continue
        print(pet)


def pass_example():
    while True:
        pass

            while_loop.py
# The while loop requires the introduction of extra variables, iteration takes up more time.
# Thus, the while loop is quite slow and not that popular.


def while_loop():
    number = 0
    while number < 5:
        print(number)
        number += 1
    print('Now, the number is equal to 5')

    datatype
        operation
            boolean_operations.py
a = True and True  # True
b = True and False  # False

b = True or False  # True
c = False or False  # False

to_be = True  # to_be is True
not_to_be = not to_be  # not_to_be is False

# The precedence of boolean operations: not -> and -> or
print(False and False or not False)

# Values of non-boolean types, such as integers or strings, are called truthy or falsy.
# The following values are evaluated to False in Python:
# constants defined to be false: None and False,
# zero of any numeric type: 0, 0.0,
# empty sequences and containers: "", [], {}.
print(0.0 or False)  # False
print("False" and True)  # True
print("" or False)  # False
print(True and None)  # None

# The operators or and and return one of their operands, not necessarily of the boolean type
# not always returns a boolean value.
print(False or 5 and 100)  # 100
# and returns the first value if it evaluates to False, otherwise it returns the second value.
# or returns the first value if it evaluates to True, otherwise it returns the second value.
print(False or '')
print(not (False or {}))

            comparison.py
"""
< strictly less than
<= less than or equal
> strictly greater than
>= greater than or equal
== equal
!= not equal
is object identity
is not negated object identity
in membership
not in negated membership.
"""

a = 5
b = -10
c = 15
calculated_result = a == b + c  # True
result = 10 < (100 * 100) <= 10000  # True, the multiplication is evaluated once

a = 1
b = 2
c = 3
e = 4
f = 5
g = 6
print(b + c <= e or f + g >= e == f == 5)      # False
print((b + c <= e or f + g >= e) == (f == 5))  # True

            integer_arithmetic.py
def basic_operations():
    print(10 + 10)  # 20
    print(100 - 10)  # 90
    print(10 * 10)  # 100
    print(77 / 10)  # 7.7
    print(77 // 10)  # 7

    print(23 % 3)   # 2
    print(-11 // 5)  # -3
    print(-11 % 5)  # 4
    print(11 // -5)  # -3
    print(11 % -5)  # -4

    print(10 ** 2)  # 100


basic_operations()
        
        __init__.py
SPEED_OF_LIGHT = 299792458

from basics.datatype import *


# String
def string_type():
    print("hello")
    print("world")


# Numerical types
def numerical_types():
    print(11)  # int - signed integers
    print(11.1)  # float - floating-point numbers
    print(SPEED_OF_LIGHT)


# Boolean type
def boolean_type():
    is_open = True
    is_close = False


# Printing types
def printing_types():
    print(type('hello'))  # <class 'str'>
    print(type("world"))  # <class 'str'>

    print(type(100))  # <class 'int'>
    print(type(-50))  # <class 'int'>

    print(type(3.14))  # <class 'float'>
    print(type(-0.5))  # <class 'float'>

        main.py

    moduleandpackage
        importmodule
            module_loading.py
import math

import test
from super_module import super_function

# from module_name import * : load toan bo ten duoc dinh nghia trong module

test.test_function()
print(test.test_variable)

super_function()

print(math.pi)

print(['red', 'green', 'yellow'])

            super_module.py
def super_function():
    print("Super module")

            test.py
test_variable = 123456789


def test_function():
    print("import module")

    pep8.py
        print("Hello World")
print("Hello")
x = 1
y = 3
x, y = y, x
x = x * 2 - 1


# Indention
def long_function_name1(var_one, var_two, var_three,
                        var_four):
    print(var_one)


def long_function_name2(
        var_one, var_two, var_three,
        var_four):
    print(var_one)


my_list = [
    1, 2, 3,
    4, 5, 6
]

# Line break
income = (1 + 2
          + 3 * (3 - 2)
          - 4)

    simple_programs.py
# help(len)
#
# user_name = input()
# print(type(user_name))  # String
# print("Hello, " + user_name)
#
# user_name = input("Please, enter your name: ")
# print("Hello, " + user_name)
#
# num = int(input("What's your favorite number: "))
# print(num * 10)

first_name = "Han"
last_name = "Bui"
print(first_name + last_name)  # HanBui
print(first_name, last_name)  # Han Bui


x = "Hello"  # str
x = 1  # int