vdsvds

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html
2 years ago
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" class="no-js">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Wikipedia</title>
<meta name="description" content="Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation.">
<script>
document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace( /(^|\s)no-js(\s|$)/, "$1js-enabled$2" );
</script>
<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1,user-scalable=yes">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico">
<link rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">
<style>
.sprite{background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(portal/wikipedia.org/assets/img/sprite-e99844f6.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.svg-Commons-logo_sister{background-position:0 0;width:47px;height:47px}.svg-MediaWiki-logo_sister{background-position:0 -47px;width:42px;height:42px}.svg-Meta-Wiki-logo_sister{background-position:0 -89px;width:37px;height:37px}.svg-Wikibooks-logo_sister{background-position:0 -126px;width:37px;height:37px}.svg-Wikidata-logo_sister{background-position:0 -163px;width:49px;height:49px}.svg-Wikimedia-logo_black{background-position:0 -212px;width:42px;height:42px}.svg-Wikipedia_wordmark{background-position:0 -254px;width:176px;height:32px}.svg-Wikiquote-logo_sister{background-position:0 -286px;width:42px;height:42px}.svg-Wikisource-logo_sister{background-position:0 -328px;width:39px;height:39px}.svg-Wikispecies-logo_sister{background-position:0 -367px;width:42px;height:42px}.svg-Wikiversity-logo_sister{background-position:0 -409px;width:43px;height:37px}.svg-Wikivoyage-logo_sister{background-position:0 -446px;width:36px;height:36px}.svg-Wiktionary-logo_sister{background-position:0 -482px;width:37px;height:37px}.svg-arrow-down{background-position:0 -519px;width:12px;height:8px}.svg-arrow-down-blue{background-position:0 -527px;width:14px;height:14px}.svg-badge_google_play_store{background-position:0 -541px;width:124px;height:38px}.svg-badge_ios_app_store{background-position:0 -579px;width:110px;height:38px}.svg-language-icon{background-position:0 -617px;width:22px;height:22px}.svg-noimage{background-position:0 -639px;width:58px;height:58px}.svg-search-icon{background-position:0 -697px;width:22px;height:22px}.svg-wikipedia_app_tile{background-position:0 -719px;width:42px;height:42px}
</style>
<style>
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4rem}hr{-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box}pre{overflow:auto}code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace,monospace;font-size:14px;font-size:1.4rem}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{color:inherit;font:inherit;margin:0}button{overflow:visible}button,select{text-transform:none}button,html input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer}button[disabled],html 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1.2rem}legend{border:0;padding:0}textarea{overflow:auto}optgroup{font-weight:700}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}td,th{padding:0}.hidden,[hidden]{display:none!important}.screen-reader-text{display:block;position:absolute!important;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;border:0;padding:0;overflow:hidden}body{background-color:#fff;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Lato,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-size:1.4rem;line-height:1.5;margin:.4rem 0 1.6rem}a{-ms-touch-action:manipulation;touch-action:manipulation}a,a:active,a:focus{unicode-bidi:embed;outline:0;color:#36c;text-decoration:none}a:focus{outline:1px solid #36c}a:hover{text-decoration:underline}img{vertical-align:middle}hr,img{border:0}hr{clear:both;height:0;border-bottom:1px solid #c8ccd1;margin:.26rem 1.3rem}.pure-button{display:inline-block;zoom:1;line-height:normal;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-drag:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:#202122;position:relative;min-height:19.2px;min-height:1.92rem;min-width:16px;min-width:1.6rem;margin:.16rem 0;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;-moz-border-radius:2px;border-radius:2px;padding:.8rem 1.6rem;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:top;-webkit-transition:background .1s ease,color .1s ease,border-color .1s ease,-webkit-box-shadow .1s ease;transition:background .1s ease,color .1s ease,border-color .1s ease,-webkit-box-shadow .1s ease;-o-transition:background .1s ease,color .1s ease,border-color .1s ease,box-shadow .1s ease;-moz-transition:background .1s ease,color .1s ease,border-color .1s 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#36c}.pure-button-primary-progressive{background-color:#36c;border-color:#36c;color:#fff}.pure-button-primary-progressive:hover{background:#447ff5;border-color:#447ff5}.pure-button-primary-progressive:active{background-color:#2a4b8d;border-color:#2a4b8d;-webkit-box-shadow:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;color:#fff}.pure-button-primary-progressive:focus{-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #36c,inset 0 0 0 2px #fff;-moz-box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #36c,inset 0 0 0 2px #fff;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #36c,inset 0 0 0 2px #fff;border-color:#36c}.pure-form input[type=search]{background-color:#fff;display:inline-block;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;-moz-border-radius:2px;border-radius:2px;padding:.8rem;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #fff;-moz-box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #fff;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #fff;vertical-align:middle}.pure-form input:focus:invalid{color:#b32424;border-color:#d33}.pure-form fieldset{margin:0;padding:.56rem 0 1.2rem;border:0}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){.pure-form input[type=search]{display:block}}.central-textlogo-wrapper{display:inline-block;vertical-align:bottom}.central-textlogo{position:relative;margin:4rem auto .5rem;width:270px;font-family:Linux Libertine,Hoefler Text,Georgia,Times New Roman,Times,serif;font-size:30px;font-size:3rem;font-weight:400;line-height:33px;line-height:3.3rem;text-align:center;-moz-font-feature-settings:"ss05=1";-moz-font-feature-settings:"ss05";-webkit-font-feature-settings:"ss05";-ms-font-feature-settings:"ss05";font-feature-settings:"ss05"}.localized-slogan{display:block;font-family:Linux Libertine,Georgia,Times,serif;font-size:15px;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:400}.central-textlogo__image{color:transparent;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;text-indent:-10000px}.central-featured-logo{position:absolute;top:158px;left:35px}@media (max-width:480px){.central-textlogo{position:relative;height:70px;width:auto;margin:2rem 0 0;text-align:center;line-height:25px;line-height:2.5rem;text-indent:-10px;text-indent:-1rem;font-size:1em}.central-textlogo-wrapper{position:relative;top:12px;text-indent:2px;text-indent:.2rem}.svg-Wikipedia_wordmark{width:150px;height:25px;background-position:0 -218px;-webkit-background-size:100% 100%;-moz-background-size:100%;background-size:100%}.localized-slogan{font-size:14px;font-size:1.4rem}.central-featured-logo{position:relative;display:inline-block;width:57px;height:auto;left:0;top:0}}@media (max-width:240px){.central-textlogo__image{height:auto}}.central-featured{position:relative;height:325px;height:32.5rem;width:546px;width:54.6rem;max-width:100%;margin:0 auto;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.central-featured-lang{position:absolute;width:156px;width:15.6rem}.central-featured-lang .link-box{display:block;padding:0;text-decoration:none;white-space:normal}.central-featured-lang .link-box:hover strong{text-decoration:underline}.central-featured-lang :hover{background-color:#eaecf0}.central-featured-lang strong{display:block;font-size:16px;font-size:1.6rem}.central-featured-lang small{color:#54595d;display:inline-block;font-size:13px;font-size:1.3rem;line-height:1.6}.central-featured-lang em{font-style:italic}.central-featured-lang .emNonItalicLang{font-style:normal}.lang1{top:0;right:60%}.lang2{top:0;left:60%}.lang3{top:20%;right:70%}.lang4{top:20%;left:70%}.lang5{top:40%;right:72%}.lang6{top:40%;left:72%}.lang7{top:60%;right:70%}.lang8{top:60%;left:70%}.lang9{top:80%;right:60%}.lang10{top:80%;left:60%}@media (max-width:480px){.central-featured{width:auto;height:auto;margin-top:7rem;font-size:13px;font-size:1.3rem;text-align:left}.central-featured:after{content:" ";display:block;visibility:hidden;clear:both;height:0;font-size:0}.central-featured-lang{display:block;float:left;position:relative;top:auto;left:auto;right:auto;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;height:64px;height:6.4rem;width:33%;margin:0 0 16px;padding:0 1.6rem;font-size:14px;font-size:1.4rem;text-align:center}.central-featured-lang strong{font-size:14px;font-size:1.4rem;margin-bottom:4px}.central-featured-lang small{line-height:1.4}}@media (max-width:375px){.central-featured-lang{font-size:13px;font-size:1.3rem}}@media (max-width:240px){.central-featured-lang{width:100%}}.search-container{float:none;max-width:95%;width:540px;margin:.4rem auto 1.95rem;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.search-container fieldset{word-spacing:-4px}.search-container button{min-height:44px;min-height:4.4rem;margin:0;-moz-border-radius:0 2px 2px 0;border-radius:0 2px 2px 0;padding:.8rem 1.6rem;font-size:16px;font-size:1.6rem;z-index:2}.search-container button .svg-search-icon{text-indent:-9999px}.search-container input[type=search]::-webkit-search-results-button,.search-container input[type=search]::-webkit-search-results-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}.search-container input::-webkit-calendar-picker-indicator{display:none}.search-container .sprite.svg-arrow-down{position:absolute;top:8px;top:.8rem;right:6px;right:.6rem}#searchInput{-webkit-appearance:none;width:100%;height:44px;height:4.4rem;border-width:1px 0 1px 1px;-moz-border-radius:2px 0 0 2px;border-radius:2px 0 0 2px;padding:.8rem 9.6rem .8rem 1.2rem;font-size:16px;font-size:1.6rem;line-height:1.6;-webkit-transition:background .1s ease,border-color .1s ease,-webkit-box-shadow .1s ease;transition:background .1s ease,border-color .1s ease,-webkit-box-shadow .1s ease;-o-transition:background .1s ease,border-color .1s ease,box-shadow .1s ease;-moz-transition:background .1s ease,border-color .1s ease,box-shadow .1s ease,-moz-box-shadow .1s ease;transition:background .1s ease,border-color .1s ease,box-shadow .1s ease;transition:background .1s ease,border-color .1s ease,box-shadow .1s ease,-webkit-box-shadow .1s ease,-moz-box-shadow .1s ease}#searchInput:hover{border-color:#72777d}#searchInput:focus{border-color:#36c;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #36c;-moz-box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #36c;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #36c;outline:0}.search-container .search-input{display:inline-block;position:relative;width:73%;vertical-align:top}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){.search-container .pure-form fieldset{margin-left:1rem;margin-right:6.6rem}.search-container .search-input{width:100%;margin-right:-6.6rem}.search-container .pure-form button{float:right;right:-56px;right:-5.6rem}}.suggestions-dropdown{background-color:#fff;display:inline-block;position:absolute;left:0;z-index:2;margin:0;padding:0;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-top:0;-webkit-box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.25);-moz-box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.25);box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.25);list-style-type:none;word-spacing:normal}.suggestion-link,.suggestions-dropdown{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;text-align:left}.suggestion-link{display:block;position:relative;min-height:70px;min-height:7rem;padding:1rem 1rem 1rem 8.5rem;border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0;color:inherit;text-decoration:none;text-align:initial;white-space:normal}.suggestion-link.active{background-color:#eaf3ff}a.suggestion-link:hover{text-decoration:none}a.suggestion-link:active,a.suggestion-link:focus{outline:0;white-space:normal}.suggestion-thumbnail{background-color:#eaecf0;background-image:url(portal/wikipedia.org/assets/img/noimage.png);background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 56 56'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23eee' d='M0 0h56v56H0z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23999' d='M36.4 13.5H17.8v24.9c0 1.4.9 2.3 2.3 2.3h18.7v-25c.1-1.4-1-2.2-2.4-2.2zM30.2 17h5.1v6.4h-5.1V17zm-8.8 0h6v1.8h-6V17zm0 4.6h6v1.8h-6v-1.8zm0 15.5v-1.8h13.8v1.8H21.4zm13.8-4.5H21.4v-1.8h13.8v1.8zm0-4.7H21.4v-1.8h13.8v1.8z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(portal/wikipedia.org/assets/img/noimage.svg) !ie;background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(transparent),to(transparent)),url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 56 56'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23eee' d='M0 0h56v56H0z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23999' d='M36.4 13.5H17.8v24.9c0 1.4.9 2.3 2.3 2.3h18.7v-25c.1-1.4-1-2.2-2.4-2.2zM30.2 17h5.1v6.4h-5.1V17zm-8.8 0h6v1.8h-6V17zm0 4.6h6v1.8h-6v-1.8zm0 15.5v-1.8h13.8v1.8H21.4zm13.8-4.5H21.4v-1.8h13.8v1.8zm0-4.7H21.4v-1.8h13.8v1.8z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-image:-moz- oldlinear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 56 56'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23eee' d='M0 0h56v56H0z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23999' d='M36.4 13.5H17.8v24.9c0 1.4.9 2.3 2.3 2.3h18.7v-25c.1-1.4-1-2.2-2.4-2.2zM30.2 17h5.1v6.4h-5.1V17zm-8.8 0h6v1.8h-6V17zm0 4.6h6v1.8h-6v-1.8zm0 15.5v-1.8h13.8v1.8H21.4zm13.8-4.5H21.4v-1.8h13.8v1.8zm0-4.7H21.4v-1.8h13.8v1.8z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-image:-o-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 56 56'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23eee' d='M0 0h56v56H0z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23999' d='M36.4 13.5H17.8v24.9c0 1.4.9 2.3 2.3 2.3h18.7v-25c.1-1.4-1-2.2-2.4-2.2zM30.2 17h5.1v6.4h-5.1V17zm-8.8 0h6v1.8h-6V17zm0 4.6h6v1.8h-6v-1.8zm0 15.5v-1.8h13.8v1.8H21.4zm13.8-4.5H21.4v-1.8h13.8v1.8zm0-4.7H21.4v-1.8h13.8v1.8z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 56 56'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23eee' d='M0 0h56v56H0z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23999' d='M36.4 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auto;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;height:100%;width:70px;width:7rem;position:absolute;top:0;left:0}.suggestion-title{margin:0 0 .78rem;color:#54595d;font-size:16px;font-size:1.6rem;line-height:18.72px;line-height:1.872rem}.suggestion-link.active .suggestion-title{color:#36c}.suggestion-highlight{font-style:normal;text-decoration:underline}.suggestion-description{color:#72777d;margin:0;font-size:13px;font-size:1.3rem;line-height:14.299px;line-height:1.43rem}.styled-select{display:none;position:absolute;top:10px;top:1rem;bottom:12px;bottom:1.2rem;right:12px;right:1.2rem;max-width:95px;max-width:9.5rem;height:24px;height:2.4rem;-moz-border-radius:2px;border-radius:2px}.styled-select:hover{background-color:#f8f9fa}.styled-select .hide-arrow{right:32px;right:3.2rem;max-width:68px;max-width:6.8rem;height:24px;height:2.4rem;overflow:hidden;text-align:right}.styled-select select{background:transparent;display:inline;overflow:hidden;height:24px;height:2.4rem;min-width:110px;min-width:11rem;max-width:110px;max-width:11rem;width:110px;width:11rem;outline:0;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;border:0;line-height:24px;line-height:2.4rem;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:window;text-indent:.01px;-o-text-overflow:"";text-overflow:"";opacity:0;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;cursor:pointer}.styled-select.no-js{width:95px;width:9.5rem}.styled-select.no-js select{opacity:1;margin:0;padding:0 2.4rem 0 .8rem;color:#54595d}.styled-select.no-js .hide-arrow{width:68px;width:6.8rem}.search-container .styled-select.no-js .js-langpicker-label{display:none}.styled-select.js-enabled .hide-arrow{padding:0 2.4rem 0 .8rem}.styled-select.js-enabled select{background:transparent;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;height:100%;z-index:1;width:100%;border:0;margin:0;padding:0 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<link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org">
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<body id="www-wikipedia-org">
<div class="central-textlogo">
<img class="central-featured-logo" src="portal/wikipedia.org/assets/img/Wikipedia-logo-v2.png" srcset="portal/wikipedia.org/assets/img/Wikipedia-logo-v2@1.5x.png 1.5x, portal/wikipedia.org/assets/img/Wikipedia-logo-v2@2x.png 2x" width="200" height="183" alt="Wikipedia">
<h1 class="central-textlogo-wrapper">
<span class="central-textlogo__image sprite svg-Wikipedia_wordmark">
Wikipedia
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<strong class="jsl10n localized-slogan" data-jsl10n="portal.slogan">The Free Encyclopedia</strong>
</h1>
</div>
<div class="central-featured" data-el-section="primary links">
<!-- #1. en.wikipedia.org - 1 570 165 000 views/day -->
<div class="central-featured-lang lang1" lang="en" dir="ltr">
<a id="js-link-box-en" href="//en.wikipedia.org/" title="English — Wikipedia — The Free Encyclopedia" class="link-box" data-slogan="The Free Encyclopedia">
<strong>English</strong>
<small><bdi dir="ltr">6&nbsp;458&nbsp;000+</bdi> <span>articles</span></small>
</a>
</div>
<!-- #2. ja.wikipedia.org - 242 362 000 views/day -->
<div class="central-featured-lang lang2" lang="ja" dir="ltr">
<a id="js-link-box-ja" href="//ja.wikipedia.org/" title="Nihongo — ウィキペディア — フリー百科事典" class="link-box" data-slogan="フリー百科事典">
<strong>日本語</strong>
<small><bdi dir="ltr">1&nbsp;314&nbsp;000+</bdi> <span>記事</span></small>
</a>
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<!-- #3. ru.wikipedia.org - 178 231 000 views/day -->
<div class="central-featured-lang lang3" lang="ru" dir="ltr">
<a id="js-link-box-ru" href="//ru.wikipedia.org/" title="Russkiy — Википедия — Свободная энциклопедия" class="link-box" data-slogan="Свободная энциклопедия">
<strong>Русский</strong>
<small><bdi dir="ltr">1&nbsp;798&nbsp;000+</bdi> <span>статей</span></small>
</a>
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<!-- #4. es.wikipedia.org - 170 020 000 views/day -->
<div class="central-featured-lang lang4" lang="es" dir="ltr">
<a id="js-link-box-es" href="//es.wikipedia.org/" title="Español — Wikipedia — La enciclopedia libre" class="link-box" data-slogan="La enciclopedia libre">
<strong>Español</strong>
<small><bdi dir="ltr">1&nbsp;755&nbsp;000+</bdi> <span>artículos</span></small>
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<!-- #5. de.wikipedia.org - 167 776 000 views/day -->
<div class="central-featured-lang lang5" lang="de" dir="ltr">
<a id="js-link-box-de" href="//de.wikipedia.org/" title="Deutsch — Wikipedia — Die freie Enzyklopädie" class="link-box" data-slogan="Die freie Enzyklopädie">
<strong>Deutsch</strong>
<small><bdi dir="ltr">2&nbsp;667&nbsp;000+</bdi> <span>Artikel</span></small>
</a>
</div>
<!-- #6. fr.wikipedia.org - 158 008 000 views/day -->
<div class="central-featured-lang lang6" lang="fr" dir="ltr">
<a id="js-link-box-fr" href="//fr.wikipedia.org/" title="français — Wikipédia — L’encyclopédie libre" class="link-box" data-slogan="L’encyclopédie libre">
<strong>Français</strong>
<small><bdi dir="ltr">2&nbsp;400&nbsp;000+</bdi> <span>articles</span></small>
</a>
</div>
<!-- #7. it.wikipedia.org - 95 133 000 views/day -->
<div class="central-featured-lang lang7" lang="it" dir="ltr">
<a id="js-link-box-it" href="//it.wikipedia.org/" title="Italiano — Wikipedia — L&#x27;enciclopedia libera" class="link-box" data-slogan="L&#x27;enciclopedia libera">
<strong>Italiano</strong>
<small><bdi dir="ltr">1&nbsp;742&nbsp;000+</bdi> <span>voci</span></small>
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<!-- #8. zh.wikipedia.org - 86 956 000 views/day -->
<div class="central-featured-lang lang8" lang="zh" dir="ltr">
<a id="js-link-box-zh" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/" title="Zhōngwén — 维基百科 / 維基百科 — 自由的百科全书 / 自由的百科全書" class="link-box jscnconv" data-title-hans="Zhōngwén — 维基百科 — 自由的百科全书" data-title-hant="Zhōngwén — 維基百科 — 自由的百科全書" data-slogan="自由的百科全书 / 自由的百科全書">
<strong>中文</strong>
<small><bdi dir="ltr">1&nbsp;256&nbsp;000+</bdi> <span data-hans="条目" data-hant="條目" class="jscnconv">条目 / 條目</span></small>
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<!-- #9. pt.wikipedia.org - 50 892 000 views/day -->
<div class="central-featured-lang lang9" lang="pt" dir="ltr">
<a id="js-link-box-pt" href="//pt.wikipedia.org/" title="Português — Wikipédia — A enciclopédia livre" class="link-box" data-slogan="A enciclopédia livre">
<strong>Português</strong>
<small><bdi dir="ltr">1&nbsp;085&nbsp;000+</bdi> <span>artigos</span></small>
</a>
</div>
<!-- #10. ar.wikipedia.org - 42 408 000 views/day -->
<div class="central-featured-lang lang10" lang="ar" dir="rtl">
<a id="js-link-box-ar" href="//ar.wikipedia.org/" title="Al-ʿArabīyah — ويكيبيديا — الموسوعة الحرة" class="link-box" data-slogan="الموسوعة الحرة">
<strong><bdi dir="rtl">العربية</bdi></strong>
<small><bdi dir="ltr">1&nbsp;159&nbsp;000+</bdi> <span>مقالة</span></small>
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<div class="search-container">
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<div class="search-input" id="search-input">
<label for="searchInput" class="screen-reader-text" data-jsl10n="portal.search-input-label">Search Wikipedia</label>
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<div class="styled-select no-js">
<div class="hide-arrow">
<select id="searchLanguage" name="language">
<option value="af" lang="af">Afrikaans</option>
<option value="pl" lang="pl">Polski</option>
<option value="ar" lang="ar">العربية</option><!-- Al-ʿArabīyah -->
<option value="ast" lang="ast">Asturianu</option>
<option value="az" lang="az">Azərbaycanca</option>
<option value="bg" lang="bg">Български</option><!-- Bǎlgarski -->
<option value="nan" lang="nan">Bân-lâm-gú / Hō-ló-oē</option>
<option value="bn" lang="bn">বাংলা</option><!-- Bangla -->
<option value="be" lang="be">Беларуская</option><!-- Belaruskaya -->
<option value="ca" lang="ca">Català</option>
<option value="cs" lang="cs">Čeština</option><!-- čeština -->
<option value="cy" lang="cy">Cymraeg</option><!-- Cymraeg -->
<option value="da" lang="da">Dansk</option>
<option value="de" lang="de">Deutsch</option>
<option value="et" lang="et">Eesti</option>
<option value="el" lang="el">Ελληνικά</option><!-- Ellīniká -->
<option value="en" lang="en" selected=selected>English</option><!-- English -->
<option value="es" lang="es">Español</option>
<option value="eo" lang="eo">Esperanto</option>
<option value="eu" lang="eu">Euskara</option>
<option value="fa" lang="fa">فارسی</option><!-- Fārsi -->
<option value="fr" lang="fr">Français</option><!-- français -->
<option value="gl" lang="gl">Galego</option>
<option value="ko" lang="ko">한국어</option><!-- Hangugeo -->
<option value="hy" lang="hy">Հայերեն</option><!-- Hayeren -->
<option value="hi" lang="hi">हिन्दी</option><!-- Hindī -->
<option value="hr" lang="hr">Hrvatski</option>
<option value="id" lang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</option>
<option value="it" lang="it">Italiano</option>
<option value="he" lang="he">עברית</option><!-- Ivrit -->
<option value="ka" lang="ka">ქართული</option><!-- Kartuli -->
<option value="la" lang="la">Latina</option>
<option value="lv" lang="lv">Latviešu</option>
<option value="lt" lang="lt">Lietuvių</option>
<option value="hu" lang="hu">Magyar</option>
<option value="mk" lang="mk">Македонски</option><!-- Makedonski -->
<option value="arz" lang="arz">مصرى</option><!-- Maṣrī -->
<option value="ms" lang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</option>
<option value="min" lang="min">Bahaso Minangkabau</option>
<option value="my" lang="my">မြန်မာဘာသာ</option><!-- Myanmarsar -->
<option value="nl" lang="nl">Nederlands</option>
<option value="ja" lang="ja">日本語</option><!-- Nihongo -->
<option value="no" lang="nb">Norsk (bokmål)</option>
<option value="nn" lang="nn">Norsk (nynorsk)</option>
<option value="ce" lang="ce">Нохчийн</option><!-- Noxçiyn -->
<option value="uz" lang="uz">Oʻzbekcha / Ўзбекча</option><!-- Oʻzbekcha -->
<option value="pt" lang="pt">Português</option>
<option value="kk" lang="kk">Қазақша / Qazaqşa / قازاقشا</option>
<option value="ro" lang="ro">Română</option><!-- Română -->
<option value="ru" lang="ru">Русский</option><!-- Russkiy -->
<option value="simple" lang="en">Simple English</option>
<option value="ceb" lang="ceb">Sinugboanong Binisaya</option>
<option value="sk" lang="sk">Slovenčina</option>
<option value="sl" lang="sl">Slovenščina</option>
<option value="sr" lang="sr">Српски / Srpski</option>
<option value="sh" lang="sh">Srpskohrvatski / Српскохрватски</option>
<option value="fi" lang="fi">Suomi</option><!-- suomi -->
<option value="sv" lang="sv">Svenska</option>
<option value="ta" lang="ta">தமிழ்</option><!-- Tamiḻ -->
<option value="tt" lang="tt">Татарча / Tatarça</option>
<option value="th" lang="th">ภาษาไทย</option><!-- Phasa Thai -->
<option value="tg" lang="tg">Тоҷикӣ</option><!-- Tojikī -->
<option value="azb" lang="azb">تۆرکجه</option><!-- Türkce -->
<option value="tr" lang="tr">Türkçe</option><!-- Türkçe -->
<option value="uk" lang="uk">Українська</option><!-- Ukrayins’ka -->
<option value="ur" lang="ur">اردو</option><!-- Urdu -->
<option value="vi" lang="vi">Tiếng Việt</option>
<option value="vo" lang="vo">Volapük</option>
<option value="war" lang="war">Winaray</option>
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<li><a href="//sd.wikipedia.org/" lang="sd" title="Sindhī"><bdi dir="rtl">سنڌي</bdi></a></li>
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<li><a href="//lad.wikipedia.org/" lang="lad"><span lang="lad-Latn">Dzhudezmo</span> / <bdi lang="lad-Hebr" dir="rtl">לאדינו</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//kbd.wikipedia.org/" lang="kbd" title="Adighabze">Адыгэбзэ</a></li>
<li><a href="//ang.wikipedia.org/" lang="ang">Ænglisc</a></li>
<li><a href="//smn.wikipedia.org/" lang="smn" title="anarâškielâ">Anarâškielâ</a></li>
<li><a href="//ab.wikipedia.org/" lang="ab" title="aṗsshwa">аԥсшәа</a></li>
<li><a href="//hyw.wikipedia.org/" lang="hyw" title="Arevmdahayeren">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li>
<li><a href="//roa-rup.wikipedia.org/" lang="roa-rup">Armãneashce</a></li>
<li><a href="//frp.wikipedia.org/" lang="frp">Arpitan</a></li>
<li><a href="//arc.wikipedia.org/" lang="arc" title="Ātûrāyâ"><bdi dir="rtl">ܐܬܘܪܝܐ</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//gn.wikipedia.org/" lang="gn">Avañe’ẽ</a></li>
<li><a href="//av.wikipedia.org/" lang="av" title="Avar">Авар</a></li>
<li><a href="//ay.wikipedia.org/" lang="ay">Aymar</a></li>
<li><a href="//bjn.wikipedia.org/" lang="bjn">Bahasa Banjar</a></li>
<li><a href="//bh.wikipedia.org/" lang="bh" title="Bhōjapurī">भोजपुरी</a></li>
<li><a href="//bi.wikipedia.org/" lang="bi">Bislama</a></li>
<li><a href="//bo.wikipedia.org/" lang="bo" title="Bod Skad">བོད་ཡིག</a></li>
<li><a href="//bxr.wikipedia.org/" lang="bxr" title="Buryad">Буряад</a></li>
<li><a href="//cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/" lang="cbk-x-zam">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li>
<li><a href="//co.wikipedia.org/" lang="co">Corsu</a></li>
<li><a href="//za.wikipedia.org/" lang="za">Vahcuengh / 話僮</a></li>
<li><a href="//dag.wikipedia.org/" lang="dag">Dagbanli</a></li>
<li><a href="//ary.wikipedia.org/" lang="ary" title="Darija"><bdi dir="rtl">الدارجة</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//se.wikipedia.org/" lang="se">Davvisámegiella</a></li>
<li><a href="//pdc.wikipedia.org/" lang="pdc">Deitsch</a></li>
<li><a href="//dv.wikipedia.org/" lang="dv" title="Divehi"><bdi dir="rtl">ދިވެހިބަސް</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//dsb.wikipedia.org/" lang="dsb">Dolnoserbski</a></li>
<li><a href="//myv.wikipedia.org/" lang="myv" title="Erzjanj">Эрзянь</a></li>
<li><a href="//ext.wikipedia.org/" lang="ext">Estremeñu</a></li>
<li><a href="//fur.wikipedia.org/" lang="fur">Furlan</a></li>
<li><a href="//gv.wikipedia.org/" lang="gv">Gaelg</a></li>
<li><a href="//gag.wikipedia.org/" lang="gag">Gagauz</a></li>
<li><a href="//inh.wikipedia.org/" lang="inh" title="Ghalghai">ГӀалгӀай</a></li>
<li><a href="//ki.wikipedia.org/" lang="ki">Gĩkũyũ</a></li>
<li><a href="//glk.wikipedia.org/" lang="glk" title="Giləki"><bdi dir="rtl">گیلکی</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//gan.wikipedia.org/" lang="gan" title="Gon ua" data-hans="赣语" data-hant="贛語" class="jscnconv">赣语 / 贛語</a></li>
<li><a href="//hak.wikipedia.org/" lang="hak">Hak-kâ-ngî / 客家語</a></li>
<li><a href="//xal.wikipedia.org/" lang="xal" title="Halʹmg">Хальмг</a></li>
<li><a href="//haw.wikipedia.org/" lang="haw">ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi</a></li>
<li><a href="//ig.wikipedia.org/" lang="ig">Igbo</a></li>
<li><a href="//rw.wikipedia.org/" lang="rw">Ikinyarwanda</a></li>
<li><a href="//ie.wikipedia.org/" lang="ie">Interlingue</a></li>
<li><a href="//kbp.wikipedia.org/" lang="kbp">Kabɩyɛ</a></li>
<li><a href="//pam.wikipedia.org/" lang="pam">Kapampangan</a></li>
<li><a href="//csb.wikipedia.org/" lang="csb">Kaszëbsczi</a></li>
<li><a href="//kw.wikipedia.org/" lang="kw">Kernewek</a></li>
<li><a href="//km.wikipedia.org/" lang="km" title="Phéasa Khmér">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li>
<li><a href="//kv.wikipedia.org/" lang="kv" title="Komi">Коми</a></li>
<li><a href="//koi.wikipedia.org/" lang="koi" title="Perem Komi">Перем коми</a></li>
<li><a href="//kg.wikipedia.org/" lang="kg">Kongo</a></li>
<li><a href="//gom.wikipedia.org/" lang="gom">कोंकणी / Konknni</a></li>
<li><a href="//ks.wikipedia.org/" lang="ks" title="Koshur"><bdi dir="rtl">كٲشُر</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//gcr.wikipedia.org/" lang="gcr" title="Kriyòl Gwiyannen">Kriyòl Gwiyannen</a></li>
<li><a href="//lo.wikipedia.org/" lang="lo" title="Phaasaa Laao">ພາສາລາວ</a></li>
<li><a href="//lbe.wikipedia.org/" lang="lbe" title="Lakku">Лакку</a></li>
<li><a href="//ltg.wikipedia.org/" lang="ltg">Latgaļu</a></li>
<li><a href="//lez.wikipedia.org/" lang="lez" title="Lezgi">Лезги</a></li>
<li><a href="//nia.wikipedia.org/" lang="nia">Li Niha</a></li>
<li><a href="//ln.wikipedia.org/" lang="ln">Lingála</a></li>
<li><a href="//jbo.wikipedia.org/" lang="jbo">lojban</a></li>
<li><a href="//lg.wikipedia.org/" lang="lg">Luganda</a></li>
<li><a href="//mt.wikipedia.org/" lang="mt">Malti</a></li>
<li><a href="//mi.wikipedia.org/" lang="mi">Māori</a></li>
<li><a href="//tw.wikipedia.org/" lang="tw" title="Mfantse">Twi</a></li>
<li><a href="//mwl.wikipedia.org/" lang="mwl">Mirandés</a></li>
<li><a href="//mdf.wikipedia.org/" lang="mdf" title="Mokšenj">Мокшень</a></li>
<li><a href="//mnw.wikipedia.org/" lang="mnw">ဘာသာ မန်</a></li>
<li><a href="//nqo.wikipedia.org/" lang="nqo" title="N&#x27;Ko">ߒߞߏ</a></li>
<li><a href="//fj.wikipedia.org/" lang="fj">Na Vosa Vaka-Viti</a></li>
<li><a href="//nah.wikipedia.org/" lang="nah">Nāhuatlahtōlli</a></li>
<li><a href="//na.wikipedia.org/" lang="na">Dorerin Naoero</a></li>
<li><a href="//nds-nl.wikipedia.org/" lang="nds-nl">Nedersaksisch</a></li>
<li><a href="//nrm.wikipedia.org/" lang="roa-x-nrm">Nouormand / Normaund</a></li>
<li><a href="//nov.wikipedia.org/" lang="nov">Novial</a></li>
<li><a href="//om.wikipedia.org/" lang="om" title="Ingiliffaa">Afaan Oromoo</a></li>
<li><a href="//pi.wikipedia.org/" lang="pi" title="Pāḷi">पालि</a></li>
<li><a href="//pag.wikipedia.org/" lang="pag">Pangasinán</a></li>
<li><a href="//pap.wikipedia.org/" lang="pap">Papiamentu</a></li>
<li><a href="//pfl.wikipedia.org/" lang="pfl">Pfälzisch</a></li>
<li><a href="//pcd.wikipedia.org/" lang="pcd">Picard</a></li>
<li><a href="//krc.wikipedia.org/" lang="krc" title="Qaraçay–Malqar">Къарачай–малкъар</a></li>
<li><a href="//kaa.wikipedia.org/" lang="kaa">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li>
<li><a href="//ksh.wikipedia.org/" lang="ksh">Ripoarisch</a></li>
<li><a href="//rm.wikipedia.org/" lang="rm">Rumantsch</a></li>
<li><a href="//rue.wikipedia.org/" lang="rue" title="Rusin’skyj">Русиньскый</a></li>
<li><a href="//sm.wikipedia.org/" lang="sm">Gagana Sāmoa</a></li>
<li><a href="//sat.wikipedia.org/" lang="sat" title="Santali">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li>
<li><a href="//sc.wikipedia.org/" lang="sc">Sardu</a></li>
<li><a href="//trv.wikipedia.org/" lang="trv">Seediq</a></li>
<li><a href="//stq.wikipedia.org/" lang="stq">Seeltersk</a></li>
<li><a href="//nso.wikipedia.org/" lang="nso">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li>
<li><a href="//sn.wikipedia.org/" lang="sn">ChiShona</a></li>
<li><a href="//cu.wikipedia.org/" lang="cu" title="Slověnĭskŭ">Словѣ́ньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li>
<li><a href="//so.wikipedia.org/" lang="so">Soomaaliga</a></li>
<li><a href="//srn.wikipedia.org/" lang="srn">Sranantongo</a></li>
<li><a href="//kab.wikipedia.org/" lang="kab" title="Taqbaylit">Taqbaylit</a></li>
<li><a href="//roa-tara.wikipedia.org/" lang="roa">Tarandíne</a></li>
<li><a href="//tet.wikipedia.org/" lang="tet">Tetun</a></li>
<li><a href="//tpi.wikipedia.org/" lang="tpi">Tok Pisin</a></li>
<li><a href="//to.wikipedia.org/" lang="to">faka Tonga</a></li>
<li><a href="//chr.wikipedia.org/" lang="chr" title="Tsalagi">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li>
<li><a href="//tum.wikipedia.org/" lang="tum">chiTumbuka</a></li>
<li><a href="//tk.wikipedia.org/" lang="tk">Türkmençe</a></li>
<li><a href="//tyv.wikipedia.org/" lang="tyv" title="Tyva dyl">Тыва дыл</a></li>
<li><a href="//udm.wikipedia.org/" lang="udm" title="Udmurt">Удмурт</a></li>
<li><a href="//ug.wikipedia.org/" lang="ug"><bdi dir="rtl">ئۇيغۇرچه</bdi></a></li>
<li><a href="//vep.wikipedia.org/" lang="vep">Vepsän</a></li>
<li><a href="//fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/" lang="fiu-vro">Võro</a></li>
<li><a href="//vls.wikipedia.org/" lang="vls">West-Vlams</a></li>
<li><a href="//wo.wikipedia.org/" lang="wo">Wolof</a></li>
<li><a href="//xh.wikipedia.org/" lang="xh">isiXhosa</a></li>
<li><a href="//zea.wikipedia.org/" lang="zea">Zeêuws</a></li>
<li><a href="//ty.wikipedia.org/" lang="ty">Reo tahiti</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 class="bookshelf-container">
<span class="bookshelf">
<span class="text">
<bdi dir="ltr">
100+
</bdi>
<span class="jsl10n" data-jsl10n="portal.entries">
articles
</span>
</span>
</span>
</h2>
<div class="langlist langlist-tiny hlist" data-el-section="secondary links">
<ul>
<li><a href="//ak.wikipedia.org/" lang="ak">Akan</a></li>
<li><a href="//bm.wikipedia.org/" lang="bm">Bamanankan</a></li>
<li><a href="//ch.wikipedia.org/" lang="ch">Chamoru</a></li>
<li><a href="//ny.wikipedia.org/" lang="ny">Chichewa</a></li>
<li><a href="//ee.wikipedia.org/" lang="ee">Eʋegbe</a></li>
<li><a href="//ff.wikipedia.org/" lang="ff">Fulfulde</a></li>
<li><a href="//got.wikipedia.org/" lang="got" title="Gutisk">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li>
<li><a href="//iu.wikipedia.org/" lang="iu">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / Inuktitut</a></li>
<li><a href="//ik.wikipedia.org/" lang="ik">Iñupiak</a></li>
<li><a href="//kl.wikipedia.org/" lang="kl">Kalaallisut</a></li>
<li><a href="//mad.wikipedia.org/" lang="mad">Madhurâ</a></li>
<li><a href="//cr.wikipedia.org/" lang="cr">Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</a></li>
<li><a href="//pih.wikipedia.org/" lang="pih">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li>
<li><a href="//ami.wikipedia.org/" lang="ami">Pangcah</a></li>
<li><a href="//pwn.wikipedia.org/" lang="pwn">pinayuanan</a></li>
<li><a href="//pnt.wikipedia.org/" lang="pnt" title="Pontiaká">Ποντιακά</a></li>
<li><a href="//dz.wikipedia.org/" lang="dz" title="Rdzong-Kha">རྫོང་ཁ</a></li>
<li><a href="//rmy.wikipedia.org/" lang="rmy">romani čhib</a></li>
<li><a href="//rn.wikipedia.org/" lang="rn">Ikirundi</a></li>
<li><a href="//sg.wikipedia.org/" lang="sg">Sängö</a></li>
<li><a href="//st.wikipedia.org/" lang="st">Sesotho</a></li>
<li><a href="//tn.wikipedia.org/" lang="tn">Setswana</a></li>
<li><a href="//ss.wikipedia.org/" lang="ss">SiSwati</a></li>
<li><a href="//ti.wikipedia.org/" lang="ti" title="Təgərəña">ትግርኛ</a></li>
<li><a href="//din.wikipedia.org/" lang="din">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li>
<li><a href="//chy.wikipedia.org/" lang="chy">Tsėhesenėstsestotse</a></li>
<li><a href="//ts.wikipedia.org/" lang="ts">Xitsonga</a></li>
<li><a href="//ve.wikipedia.org/" lang="ve">Tshivenḓa</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="langlist langlist-others hlist" data-el-section="other languages">
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