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Gov and rel Gov Society - Hierarchical structure + Divine Right of Kings - monarch appointed by God Monarch - declare war / make peace, reward people w/ land & title Secretary of State: William Cecil - advice Elizabeth on imp matters Court - abt 2000 people, entertained & advised Elizabeth - public display of wealth and power Privy Council: abt 19 advisors, discuss & ensure Elizabeth’s wishes carried out Parliament - nobel & gentry - pass laws + raised taxes - met 13 times w/ Elizabeth Local gov: Justices of the Peace & sheriff enforce law Challenges - Elizabeth Legitimacy Illegitimate - Henry VIII Anne Boleyn marriage not authorised by Pope MQS vocal with her claim to throne Gender Believed ruled by women is unnatural - chaotic reign of Mary I Marriage Elizabeth no heir - no succession - risk of civil war Refused to marry - would lose power & freedom Choosing husband: foreign - wouldn’t put english need in priority & english lords: anger other nobles Challenges - Abroad Financial 1558 Elizabeth I took throne, inherit 300 000 pounds debt - war w/ France + lost Calais - last English territory in mainland Europe to France Cut back gov spendings + sold off crown lands = 600 000 to Exchequer By 1585, paid off Mary I debt + 300 000 reserve French MQS married to French - dislike Protestant Elizabeth - heir -> threat of invasion + English Catholics France at war w/ England (Mary I married to Philip II)
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