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int toh(int n, int src, int helper, int dest) {
    if (n == 1) {
        return 1; // Base case: Only one move required for a single disk.
    }
    int count = 0; 
    count += toh(n - 1, src, dest, helper); // Move `n-1` disks from src to helper.
    count += 1; // Move the nth disk from src to dest.
    count += toh(n - 1, helper, src, dest); // Move `n-1` disks from helper to dest.
    return count;
}